Selective Mutism was known as elective mutism in olden daysand is considered to be a childhood anxiety disorder. The term mutism has been derived from the Latin word ‘mutus’, meaning inability to speak. Individuals with this disorder are unable to speak, particularly in social situations and multiple settings such as school, peer groups, in the company of adults or when meeting new people. This disorder can only be diagnosed if the child has the ability to speak and knows the language.

In earlier days, an individual affected by mutism was known as dumb because of being unable to talk. Individuals with this disorder cannot make use of expressive language and their social skills appeared to be impaired. Psychologically, this disorder is classified in the category of anxiety disorders and is mostly observed in children. The child must not speak for at least a month to be diagnosed with mutism and this does not involve situations such as the first month of going to school, where the child might be shy or apprehensive.

Mutism can interfere with the child’s academic or social adjustment skills. Estimates for this disorder indicate that every 1000 school going children are affected by it. Various studies indicate that the disorder is linked with anxiety and the fear of social situations and may be considered as a specific phobia. It is not regarded as a communication disorder because when these children talk, they do so in a manner that suits their age.

Causes of Mutism:

Genetic as well as learning factors are responsible for the development of this disorder. The prevalence of this disorder is higher in those families in which reserved behavior is the norm. Various cultural factors may also contribute to its development. The severity of mutism varies tremendously depending on the environmental settings and underlying causes.

Treatment:

If you suspect that your child has selective mutism, you must consult a speech pediatrician, child psychologist, psychiatrist or clinical social worker at the earliest. The disorder is treated by administering medications or therapy or a combination of both. Fluoxetine might be helpful in reducing some of the symptoms of this disorder.