The term mutism has been derived from the Latin word ‘mutus’, meaning inability to speak. Individuals with mutism are unable to speak and do not bother to talk. In olden days, an individual affected by this disorder was known as dumb because of being unable to talk. These individuals are unable to talk or make use of expressive language. Mutism can arise from psychological causes or early deafness.

Psychologically, this disorder is classified in the category of anxiety disorders and is mostly observed in children. The child must not speak for at least a month and this does not involve situations such as the first month of going to school, where the child might be shy or apprehensive. Mutism involves a constant inability to talk, particularly, in social situations and multiple settings such as school, peer groups, in the company of adults or when meeting new people.

Mutism can interfere with the child’s academic or social adjustment skills. Estimates for this disorder indicate that every 1000 school going children are affected by it. Various studies indicate that the disorder is linked with anxiety and the fear of social situations and may be considered as a specific phobia. It is not regarded as a communication disorder because when these children talk, they do so in a manner that suits their age.

Causes of Mutism:

Genetic as well as learning factors are responsible for the development of this disorder. The prevalence of this disorder is higher in those families in which reserved behavior is the norm. Various cultural factors may also contribute to its development. The severity of mutism varies tremendously depending on the environmental settings and underlying causes.

Treatment:

If you suspect your child has this disorder, it is essential for you to consult a child psychologist, psychiatrist, pediatric mental health care professional or clinical social worker. The problem can be treated by therapy and medication.