What is PMDD?

PMDD or Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome ans is also known as premenstrual depression. Almost 3 to 8 percent of women in the general population are affected by this disorder. It is a mood disorder that is associated with the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This is a debilitating disorder and can cause great distress to the sufferrer.

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is differentiated from Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) by the severeity of its symptoms and the kind of impact it can have on interpersonal as well as social relationships. The key feature of this disorder is that it results in tehdisruption of the normal functioning of the individual in daily life.

Symptoms of Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD):

The symptoms of this disorder mainly occur in the last week of the menstrual cycle and usually subside within a few days after menstruation begins. These include:

• Pervasive feelings of melancholy or depression
• Feelings of anxiety accompanied by feeling that one is on the edge
• Uncontrollable mood swings
• Crying spells
• Persistent anger
• Irritability
• Fatigue
• Feelings of lethargy
• Decreased interest in daily activities
• Feelings of being out of control
• Muscle aches, joint pain and headaches
• Breast tenderness
• Falling and staying asleep for long periods of time
• Changes in appetite marked by overeating or specific food cravings
• Increased heart palpitation
• Shallow breathing

Causes of Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD):

The exact causes of PMDD are unknown. PMDD is usually accompanied by Major Depressive disorder and can also occur in women aho do not have a history of the latter.

Treatment of PMDD:

Typically, treatment of this disorder is aimed at decreasing or curbing the symptoms of PMDD. Non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs are used in the treatment of this disorder that needs to be taken before or at the onset of the symptoms. Medications such as ibuprofen or naproxen sodium help ease breast tenderness. Antidepressants and oral contraceptives may also be prescribed in some cases.